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Year Of Wonders Essay Topics
Wednesday, September 2, 2020
Vietnam Essay -- essays research papers
The hardships the warriors looked at home were far more awful than any fight they battled while in Vietnam. No one appeared to completely comprehend what these men had went through. They got back home searching for adoration and solace; much to their dismay that they had not yet encountered the most noticeably awful of the war. A various measure of individuals were for the war, yet the the truth was, many were against it. " During 1967 open support for the war dropped forcefully. By October endorsement of Johnsonââ¬â¢s treatment of the war dropped to 28%. A number of significant metropolitan papers moved from supporting the war to restricting it" (Wexler 145 ). Once the open understood that the war wasnââ¬â¢t all wonder, they lamented the countryââ¬â¢s inclusion. The administration wasnââ¬â¢t precisely the most solid wellspring of data during the war. They couldnââ¬â¢t be relied on at the point when they were required most. The governmentââ¬â¢s taking care of of help for veteranââ¬â¢s appeared to be imprudently dealt with. Veterans were dealt with ineffectively and guarantees were broken as often as possible. Most of the American populace did not understand that the legislature was concealing data about POWs. " From September 1973 to March 1974, a progression of disconnected observers detailed the development of nine POWs between two Laotian jail camps" ( Sauter 189 ). Comparative records of American prisonersââ¬â¢ sightings were covered up from general society. Ron Kovic was not a wartime captive. Rather he was sent home subsequent to being injured. His arrival home was initially fine; all that he figured it would be. However he didn't get the welcome he had sought after. Many disdained him. He got clear gazes and horrendous glares. indeed, even his own sibling was against the war. His family was astounded by the skeptical view towards life that he had gotten along the way. In Born on the Fourth of July, Ron Kovic regularly referenced that the veteransââ¬â¢ emergency clinics were torment chambers. " It is anything but difficult to lose everything here. The entire spot works easily, yet incidentally I am losing, and the remainder of the individuals whom I canââ¬â¢t find in the rooms around me are losing as well. Regardless of whether I recuperate this leg, I will lose. Nobody ever leaves this spot without losing" ( Kovic 129 ). He felt thusly, in light of the fact that he had seen the truth of the war, and he was shocked by the treatment the men got. Considerably after they had battled fo... ...mentality toward the war was severe and forceful. He detested the legislature and all individuals who upheld the war. What had Ron become? He used to be an All-American kid. Described by his extraordinary love for his nation; his nationalism oozed in all that he did. Be that as it may, when he understood how guileless heââ¬â¢d been about war as a rule, he figured out how to abhor it. Heââ¬â¢d talk to families and kids not to enroll for the war, since they may not return how they had imagined. They may return like him, or not return by any stretch of the imagination. A couple of decision veterans conquered the misfortune, however regardless of the couple of additions made by Vietnam vets, by and large, open points of view toward the veterans had taken up the enemyââ¬â¢s projectiles left off. Rather, they had shots of disdain what's more, malice took shots at them. Their lives were never the equivalent. Kovic, Ron. Conceived on the Fourth of July. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1976. Bricklayer, Patience H. C. Recouping from the War. New York: Penguin Books, 1990. Saunders, Jim, and Mark Sauter. The Men We Left Behind. Bethesda: Saunders and Sauter, 1993. Wexler, Sanford. An Eyewitness History: The Vietnam War. New York: Wexler, 1992 Vietnam Essay - papers research papers The hardships the fighters looked at home were far more terrible than any fight they battled while in Vietnam. No one appeared to completely comprehend what these men had went through. They got back home searching for affection and solace; much to their dismay that they had not yet encountered the most noticeably terrible of the war. A various measure of individuals were for the war, however the the truth was, many were against it. " During 1967 open support for the war dropped pointedly. By October endorsement of Johnsonââ¬â¢s treatment of the war dropped to 28%. A number of significant metropolitan papers moved from supporting the war to restricting it" (Wexler 145 ). Once the open understood that the war wasnââ¬â¢t all magnificence, they lamented the countryââ¬â¢s contribution. The legislature wasnââ¬â¢t precisely the most solid wellspring of data during the war. They couldnââ¬â¢t be depended on at the point when they were required most. The governmentââ¬â¢s taking care of of help for veteranââ¬â¢s appeared to be recklessly taken care of. Veterans were dealt with ineffectively and guarantees were broken every now and again. Most of the American populace did not understand that the legislature was concealing data about POWs. " From September 1973 to March 1974, a progression of irrelevant observers detailed the development of nine POWs between two Laotian jail camps" ( Sauter 189 ). Comparative records of American prisonersââ¬â¢ sightings were covered up from people in general. Ron Kovic was not a wartime captive. Rather he was sent home subsequent to being injured. His arrival home was initially fine; all that he figured it would be. However he didn't get the welcome he had sought after. Many disdained him. He got clear gazes and awful glares. indeed, even his own sibling was against the war. His family was bewildered by the negative view towards life that he had gotten along the way. In Born on the Fourth of July, Ron Kovic regularly referenced that the veteransââ¬â¢ emergency clinics were torment chambers. " It is anything but difficult to lose everything here. The entire spot works easily, yet incidentally I am losing, and the remainder of the individuals whom I canââ¬â¢t find in the rooms around me are losing as well. Regardless of whether I mend this leg, I will lose. Nobody ever leaves this spot without losing" ( Kovic 129 ). He felt along these lines, since he had seen the truth of the war, and he was horrified by the treatment the men got. Much after they had battled fo... ...demeanor toward the war was unpleasant and forceful. He loathed the administration and all individuals who upheld the war. What had Ron become? He used to be an All-American kid. Portrayed by his exceptional love for his nation; his nationalism radiated in all that he did. In any case, when he understood how credulous heââ¬â¢d been about war when all is said in done, he figured out how to loathe it. Heââ¬â¢d talk to families and kids not to enroll for the war, since they may not return how they had imagined. They may return like him, or not return by any stretch of the imagination. A couple of decision veterans defeated the difficulty, yet notwithstanding the couple of additions made by Vietnam vets, as a rule, open points of view toward the veterans had taken up the enemyââ¬â¢s slugs left off. Rather, they had projectiles of disdain also, antipathy took shots at them. Their lives were never the equivalent. Kovic, Ron. Conceived on the Fourth of July. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1976. Bricklayer, Patience H. C. Recuperating from the War. New York: Penguin Books, 1990. Saunders, Jim, and Mark Sauter. The Men We Left Behind. Bethesda: Saunders and Sauter, 1993. Wexler, Sanford. An Eyewitness History: The Vietnam War. New York: Wexler, 1992
Saturday, August 22, 2020
History - United States History 1865 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
History - United States History 1865 - Essay Example Extension of Cuban sugar industry had then brought a proportion of flourishing and a diminishing of the autonomous development. Be that as it may, an adjustment in American tax strategies in 1894 influenced the Cuban sugar advertise and brought difficult situations, joblessness and a reestablishment of threats in mid 1895. Spanish government looked to present changes in Cuba on the discretionary interest of U.S, exactly when the debate appeared to calm and the U.S war vessel 'Maine' was sunk. Notwithstanding unhinged Spanish endeavors to demonstrate that the Spanish government had no part in the sinking, and new conciliatory concession, the U.S Congress began the interest of Spain stopping the island through and through. War was the outcome. All through the nineteenth century U.S had sought after the arrangement of development. Be that as it may, as another mechanical America developed it began its excursion to turn into the new politically influential nation after the war. The nation's enthusiasm for global issues consistently developed. Benevolent relations with Japan and exchange with China was expanded to the moment that Open Door Policy 1899 was introduced as a methods for keeping China's exchange open to any and all individuals. Later U.S, alongside Britain, Germany, France, and Japan went into an overall race for power. Seen in the long point of view, the Spanish American War was nevertheless one episode in a progression of occasions which denoted this appearance of United States as a force to be reckoned with. The years between 1865 a... There were numerous modern progressive developments like sewing machine, steel furrow, broadcast, light, phone and some more, which made the U.S. blast in the universal market. As America was on its way to turn into the politically influential nation, it presented the technique for large scale manufacturing in the nation. America was a rich landmass for the forceful and keen to ace. Somewhere in the range of 1865 and 1880 the national riches multiplied and by 1900 it got monstrous. The country's iron mineral, its oil, its wood, and its western rural terrains were wellsprings of yet undiscovered riches. Its kin, who overall respected the fruitful endeavor, energetically gave ventures and theoretical capital. At exactly that point it turned out to be evident that the dynamic free enterprise of an extending America, taking advantage of unmatched common assets and using the new machines of the mechanical upset, had changed the national economy. There were 140,000 businesses of different types in 1860 and by 1880, there were 250,000. In 20 years the worker twofold and work power got solid. Evaluated riches in 1865 was 20 billion while in 80's it was 43 billion. Bank stores significantly increased somewhere in the range of 1865 and 1880. The expansion rate between 1880 and1890 was underneath 5 percent, which brought about finding of the duty rate. There were many high points and low points during this timespan yet it was insufficient to turn into an obstacle in America route in turning into a politically influential nation. 3. Talk about the issues related with the Industrial Revolution and how the individuals responded. Remember for your conversation the Populists and the Progressives. The United States, as an incredible power in the cutting edge period of industry and world trade, from this time forward was to be a significant member in world issues. There
Friday, August 21, 2020
Logic and perception to knowledge Essay
Information is a hypothetical or pragmatic comprehension of data, in a specific subject. So as to acquire this understanding; one may utilize the different procedures. Discernment and rationale are the two instruments for procuring information. Without the priceless apparatuses of rationale and discernment, much of the time, the ends, understandings, translations and exercises increased through information might be out of reach. Recognition is characterized as a psychological cognizance, a method for instinctive comprehension, in regards to, or deciphering information. Discernment is separated into two techniques, emotional and objective. From this, we can consider the to be of observation as it makes an association from data to information. People use discernment to decipher information from oneââ¬â¢s individual viewpoint utilizing feeling, and sentiment. Recognition is significant for deciding an individualââ¬â¢s information regarding the current matter. Observation takes into account different understandings of a snippet of data as every individual has various bits of knowledge on a solitary subject. This is significant in the realm of acquiring information as it makes inconsistencies between individualââ¬â¢s discernments which prompts further investigation inside a subject and along these lines drawing out every distinguishable end from the subject. For instance, in the realm of business, individuals meet and talk about a point and make inferences as each gathering sees the current thought. This is fundamental for demonstrating information and depicting the idea to other people and along these lines abusing the significance and estimation of observation to information. Rationale is characterized a perspective or clarifying something and empowers one to take data and utilize it as valuable information. From the definition itself, we can see the connection from rationale to information as it has incredible incentive in getting data. Intelligent idea is separated into two techniques; enlistment and reasoning. The base of deductive rationale is contained section A, B, and C. On a very basic level; all data handled trough deductive rationale experiences this procedure. On the off chance that An and B are valid, at that point C must be valid. For instance, if two snippets of data are introduced, An: All individuals are mortal, and B: I am a human, and this is handled through coherent conclusion, one can discover that C: I am mortal. This procedure is utilized through increasingly complex data; anyway it is critical and important in making information from data. The other type of rationale is enlistment. Acceptance is included basic system, yet it regularly makes a level of vulnerability. New information through enlistment is made by taking past occasions and events and making new information. For instance if each time I stroll through Middle Inglis, no body is ever there, I can, utilizing inductive rationale reason that nobody lives there. I have taken past events and handled them through rationale and decided new data. Sensibly, I have established that so as to make or acknowledge new information utilizing realities and data, one must utilize the different apparatuses to do as such. As, new information is continually wanted, the worth and utilization of recognition and rationale is omnipresent.
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
APA Style Essay Samples - How to Write an APA Style Article
APA Style Essay Samples - How to Write an APA Style ArticleIf you have a topic that you would like to write about and would like to show your writing abilities, using the APA style is one of the best ways to do it. This way, you can show a lot of originality while you are writing an essay. Here are some APA style essay samples for those who would like to learn how to write an APA style.One APA style that would work great for many topics is the Big Book. In this book, you will find the authors' names, their work, and even other notable authors that contributed to the subject matter. This allows you to present and the reader can see and understand how relevant the subject matter is. The use of the author's names can also help you give the impression that you are a legitimate expert on the topic. With the use of the author's name, the reader may even think that you have actually studied the topic before.Another APA style that is a great way to start writing is to use the format of the a lphabet in reverse. You can use the first letter of each word and write the full title in the first letter of each word. For example, you can use the word 'A' in the first letter of 'ABA.'Start with the first sentence of the essay. Next, put the subject of the essay in the middle of the page. Put the date on the last paragraph. Using APA style will make your article easy to read and follow.Practice online or off-line by looking at a guide that will show you what looks good and what does not. Having examples of APA style makes it easier to follow, even when writing in an unfamiliar way.When writing an essay, it is helpful to have two kinds of essay samples. If you have one for your own use and another for the essay that is going into an exam, then that will make it much easier to decide what works and what does not.Looking over essay samples will allow you to see if you can write a well-written APA style essay. Keep in mind that you do not need a college degree to do this type of wri ting, so it is important to find a resource that will help you learn as you go.
Saturday, May 16, 2020
Growth of Human Population and Its Effect on the Environment
The growth of the human population has been strikingly apparent that the rate of growth has been much steeper than recent times. The earlier Homo sapiens were vegetarians and gathers they hunted and fished for food. With increased knowledge humans learned how to farm, domesticate animals and used irrigation to meet their needs. The knowledge of water and sewer conditions along with better medical care and agriculture made life easier. Earlier man did not have these factors and the population remained stable, for over thousands of years. The Toba super volcano is believed to have caused a massive environmental change. Creating a bottleneck of the human population that ââ¬Å"occurred about seventy thousand years ago.â⬠(Wikipedia, para. 1)â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Europeans colonized into other areas of the world bring with them diseases that would decrease the inhabitance of those regions. Life Expectancy With the improvement in medicine, agriculture and technology that has increased the average life expectancy. Like the children in this period once their nutritional and medical needs were met the percentage of children that died before the age of 5 has decreased In the new world after the war of 1776 came the new age of medicine called the vaccination which makes an enormous contribution to the mortality rate. With strides in cleanliness and improvements in the medical field which; saw the induction of antibiotics and other medicines. Penicillin revolutionizes the medical community to be the first drug to have curing capabilities on such diseases as Syphilis. With the introduction of anesthesia opened new possibilities for surgical improvements. The techniques for surgery improved after the introduction of anesthesia and once microorganisms were realized as being the cause of all infection and diseases. Instead of the doctor coming to the homes of the ill they built hospitals where patients would come to obtain care. Introduced to the medical community would be routines of cleaning, hygiene and sanitizing...Including sterilizing of instruments and washing hands became routine before any medical procedure could be performed. Another form of nutrition introduced wasShow MoreRelated Overpopulation, Industrialization, and the Degradation of the Environment934 Words à |à 4 PagesDegradation of the Environment The overall growth of the human population in the last 2000 years has been a J-shaped growth. This can also be expressed as an exponential growth. A big question that can only be answered in time is how this population growth will slow down or stop. The planet can only handle so many humans before the effects of overpopulation send the environment into an unrecoverable tailspin of degradation. So the question is will the overall maximum human population be reached inRead MoreNegative Effect of Overpopulation.1365 Words à |à 6 PagesTHE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF POPULATION GROWTH Some observers attribute nearly all of the world s maladies to excessive population growth. They claim that rapid population growth has at least three adverse effects on human well-being. First, it increases poverty--the number of people that are impoverished, the proportion of the community that is impoverished, and the severity of the impoverishment. Second, it increases environmental degradation--the misuse of natural resources--with adverse consequencesRead MoreEffects Of Population Pollution Essay1464 Words à |à 6 Pages Population around the world is growing rapidly each year, which is unfortunately causing negative impacts on the environment. Each day the air around us is becoming more polluted as the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere caused by human activities increases each day. As population continues to gradually increase, it is causing harmful effects in terms of air pollution. An increase in the number of people directly varies with the pollution th at is emitted into the environment. MoresoRead MoreEssay on The Ecological Consequences of Global Economic Growth1426 Words à |à 6 PagesGlobal Economic Growth ââ¬Å"There have been five ââ¬Ë mass extinctionsââ¬â¢ in the history of the earth, when between 65% and 95% of all species were wiped out, due to natural processes of selection and evolution. Some scientists now argue that we are heading for a ââ¬Ësixth extinctionââ¬â¢, caused by the actions of humans.â⬠(Cock and Hopwood, 1996:17) In the following Iââ¬â¢m going to look at the positive and negative effects of the ecological systems of global economic growth and the Read MoreOverpopulation Is More Than Just A Crowded Planet1343 Words à |à 6 PagesIn the year 1 A.D., the Earthââ¬â¢s population was 300 million. In 1850, after many decades of consistent population growth, it eventually surpassed one billion. From that point on in history, the world population began to climb rapidly (Haub). Each year, the world population surpasses what any scientist has ever thought possible. Some would consider this expansion as a sign of success considering the causes of a rapidly growing population include improved health care, new technology, progressive erasRead MorePollution Of The Environment And The Home1208 Words à |à 5 Pagesof the Environment There is a strong connection between the environment and the home; this implication refers, in one aspect, to a humanââ¬â¢s inclination and love towards home. Because of this connection one should be as concerned for the environment as one is towards his/her own home. Pollution can be defined as anything which is unclean. It causes a lot of environmental issues and health problems not only to humans, but to all creatures on the earth. If we more deeply consider the effects of pollutionRead MoreIntroduction . Many Factors Contribute To The Downfall1694 Words à |à 7 Pagesof things, the changes have been negative and steadily declining with time. Among those factors, over-population would be one of the greatest contributors. The growth of the human population has continuously been on the rise. It has been predicted that it will increase even more throughout the years going from 7.2 billion to 9.6 billion (Gerland, et al. 2014). As the numbers of the human population increase the ecosystem is steadily declining because of the large demands of food and biofuels (LauranceRead MoreThe Environmental Impact of Overpopulation Essay862 Words à |à 4 PagesThe human population has continued to grow through the decades. The increasingly large number of people that have become apart of the world population has become a major problem. The consequences of the world being over populated has numerous effects which include: Environmental effects, depletion of natural resources, effects on the economy, food and water instability, and mass species extinction. Without a solution to the rise in human population, by the year 2020, 8 billion people will liveRead More Overpopulation Essay582 Words à |à 3 Pages There are 6 billion human beings on the face of the Earth. According to our best estimates, there are somewhere between three and seven times more people than this planet can possibly maintain over a long period of time. Non-renewable resources are being used at an incredible rate, and we are destroying the capability of the planetary ecosystem to renew the supply of renewable resources. The worse however is yet to come. We need to realize the necessity of a population plan which will make ourRead More Overpopulation of the Earth Essay1698 Words à |à 7 Pagesnearly 6 billion people in the world. The worldââ¬â¢s population has more than tripled in the span of a hundred years. Given that the earthââ¬â¢s population is constantly on the rise and seeing as how our natural resources are gradually being depleted, we must ask ourselves: what is to become of us and what is to become of our environment? In order to understand this question we must first have a thorough understanding o f whether or not there is a population crisis. Having understood this, we must then look
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Communication As A Important Role For Everyone - 912 Words
Communication plays an important role for everyone not only in the sense of interacting but also in expressing thoughts, opinions, feelings and ideas to have a better understanding to one another. Lamb, Hair McDaniel (2014, p.272) define communication as ââ¬Å"the process by which meanings are exchanged as shared through a common set of symbolsâ⬠. It is very important and helpful for everyone especially that people are living now in different places; interacting with different people from the diverse community. Despite individualââ¬â¢s difference in culture and language they still have their own ability to find ways to communicate to each other; to tell their opinions and to express their feelings. This essay shows the interaction happening between different people with a diverse background, culture and language in a busy place like a shopping center. People are making interaction in different people every day. In a place like shopping center it is common to see different people from different places. Most of them are locals buying their needs and some of them are individuals from different places and countries having their vacation. People from diverse country have their own background and not all of them can easily communicate or understand the main language most of the people are using for the reason they are not use to speak that kind of language. According to Peltokorpi Clausen (2011) in foreign country, lack of shared language and cultural difference of people create aShow MoreRelatedUnderstand How to Establish an Effective Team Essay1398 Words à |à 6 Pagesmaintaining the team Effective working relationships are the cornerstone for building and maintaining a successful team. Good team communication provides direction, vision and motivation to the members of the team. Team communication can be the sending or receiving of messages to or from management, between team members or from one team to another. Effective team communication increases team members effectiveness and satisfaction because they are given the appropriate guidelines, tools and directionRead MoreNursing Personal And Professional Growth 2 : Ipe Individual1359 Words à |à 6 Pages Practical Nursing Personal and Professional Growth 2: IPE Individual Essay From the Resident Care Conference I took part in there were times I did see effective and ineffective non verbal communication. Effective non verbal communication can be described as an individual who is not engaged in a conversation, showing little to no respect to other team members and lacking an interest in what the other person is saying. Examples of this are; lack of eye contact, slouched in chair, hands crossed, rollingRead MoreWhy Is It Important?1554 Words à |à 7 Pagesteamââ¬â¢s goal, while including each individual team member and actively listening to one another to know where they are coming from. Communication is extremely important in this phase because everyone has a different communication style and different understanding of things. Perception is a very personal thing. Taking a managerial approach and ensuring that everyone is heard so that we know no one is left out, will ensure that we develop a team full of of individuals who feel good about themselvesRe ad MoreProject Leadership Role of Trihealth- Case Study 21643 Words à |à 7 Pages Case Study 2: Project Leadership Roles at TriHealth Yuvonne Edwards Professor Brett Gordon Human Resource Project Management ââ¬â HRM517 November 4, 2012 Identify the common roles in a human resource project. Then, analyze these roles to typical human resource functions. There are projects of different sizes that have different ways and requirements on how the people are organized. In small project, little organizationRead MoreFamily And The Family System Theory1179 Words à |à 5 Pagessystem Within this system are rules, power structures and different patterns of communication. In this theory the family is seen as a whole rather than as its individual parts. We also assume that the family functions off of circular causality and redundancy principle plays a role in the family rules. The concepts that I am going to use to describe this family will include; family cohesion, communication pattern, roles of a few of the members, the family rules and circular causality. The first termRead MoreQuestions On An Agent Of Communication1573 Words à |à 7 PagesParagraph summary of each resource 1. In dealing with social change as an agent of communication one must have the set of skills of sustainable development and leadership. This allows the communicator to be open for change and new ideas. One must be able to evolve with the changes and be able to communicate these changes effectively. ââ¬Å"Sustainable development is to help meet the needs of the present without comprising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. It contains withinRead MoreA Professional Experience Of Working871 Words à |à 4 Pagesineffective with their communication. The club objective or values were very unclear. There was lot of ambiguity within the roles of members. As described in page 4 of the PMIââ¬â¢ s Pulse of Profession report, there was a gap in understanding business benefits. In our case was or the club some of the members did not have proper understanding about the goals, and what kind of events/activities the club want to in the college As stated in page 4 of the report that ââ¬Å"Everyone needs to understand theRead MoreThe Importance Of A Successful Communication Plan867 Words à |à 4 PagesCommunication plays a critical role on making sure the correct people will receive the information, what information will be communicated, how it will be communicated, how often, and who will be responsible for delivering the message during a project. All communication plans will be according to the needs of the project. Establishing a successful communication plan is one of the most important factors contributing to a successful project (CA.gov, 2007). When looking at the project communicationRead MoreImproving Communication Among Departments At An Organization1256 Words à |à 6 PagesThe purpose for this assignment is to evaluate and improve communication among departments in an organization. As Chief Executive Officer (CEO), not only I have to make sure all the operations in the organization are running smoothly but to make sure the communication piece is running in that same way as well. It is important to make sure the information you are trying to addressed is fully understood by your staff while at the same time you listen what other people are trying to tell you and understandRead MoreThe Importance Of Organizational Excellence, Communication, And The General Well Being Of The Company1064 Words à |à 5 Pagesorganizational excellence is communication. Within the communication of a company I believe that it is important to exercise honesty, concern and the general well-being of the company. To do this you need to have the companiesââ¬â¢ highest knowledgeable ranking members involved. When a companyââ¬â¢s highest ranking members are properly verse on communication excellence the company will excel faster. During a crisis companies should have a plan implemented where they assign roles to each individual matching
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Censorship Of The Net Essay Example For Students
Censorship Of The Net Essay As a professional Internet publisher and avid user of the Internet, I have become concerned with laws like the Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA) that censor free speech on the Internet. By approving the CDA, Congress has established a precedent which condones censorship regulations for the Internet similar to those that exist for traditional broadcast media. Treating the Internet like broadcast media is a grave mistake because the Internet is unlike any information medium that has been created. My concerns about Internet censorship prompted me to write Internet Censorship is Absurd and Unconstitutional. In the essay, I outline why I believe that the Internet should not be censored in any way for two reasons. First, any law advocating censorship of the Internet is too broad and unenforceable on this global information medium. Second, Internet censorship is a breach of First Amendment rights for those users residing in the United States. The essay will provide insight into why self regulation is the only viable solution to the problems that have and will be presented to the Internet. Should it be illegal to publish literature with indecent content on the Internet but perfectly legal to publish that same work in print? This question has spawned the debate over Internet censorship, which is currently raging in the United States Congress as well as in other political forums around the world. The question as to whether the Internet should be censored will continue to be debated for many years to come. As with any political topic, the debate over Internet censorship has its extremes. Many proponents of Internet censorship want strict control over this new information medium. Proponents of Internet censorship such as Senator Jim Exon (D-NE), co-author of the Communications Decency Act (CDA), are in favor of putting strict laws into place regulating the Internet in order to protect children: The Decency Act stands for the premise that it is wrong to provide pornography to children on computers just as it is wrong to do it on a street corner or anywhere else (Exon). Thes e proponents suggest creating laws for the Internet similar to those now in place for television and radio. Those strongly opposing Internet regulations, such as the Citizens Internet Empowerment Coalition (CIEC), assert that the Internet is not like a television and should not be regulated like one. Both sides base their respective arguments on how they view the new information medium. Though the laws that Congress are proposing to regulate the Internet are well intentioned, I strongly believe that the Internet should not be censored because any law encroaching on the peoples right to free speech is a obvious breach of First Amendment rights and because laws limiting Internet speech are too broad and unenforceable on this global medium. To understand why legislators are attempting to censor the Internet despite the fact that it is absurd and Unconstitutional, one must first understand how the Internet came to be and how it conceptually works. According to Internet historian Dave Kr istula, the first inklings of the Internet began in the United States in 1969 as a network of four servers called the APRANET. ARPA (the Advanced Research Projects Agency), a division of the Department of Defense, created the ARPANET for military research so that the information on the network would be decentralized and could survive a nuclear strike. The network continued to grow in size and speed as technology increased over the next two decades. Standards began to set in such as the TCP/IP protocol for network transmission of data. By 1990 the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) had been created to standardize the way in which Internet documents are sent and received (Kristula). By 1994, the APRANET was disbanded, and the Internet became a public network connecting more than 3,000,000 computers together worldwide. Commercial organizations began to offer services over the Internet such as online ordering of pizzas (Kristula). At present, millions of companies are now online offerin g products and services such as software, hardware, books, games and adult oriented photographs. Though estimates vary, the consensus is that the amount of providers and users of the Internet has nearly doubled each year since 1987 (Kristula). Since the Internet grew into
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